FAQ

Lignocellulose is the primary form of biomass. Through photosynthesis, the Earth synthesizes approximately over 100 billion tons of lignocellulose each year. The main components of lignocellulose are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
Lignocellulose has a three - dimensional network structure with cellulose as the main mechanical structure, and hemicellulose and lignin as cross - linkers and fillers. In the cell wall of wood, hemicellulose connects the rigid and hydrophilic cellulose with the viscous and hydrophobic lignin, thus maintaining the integrity of the wood cell wall. This structure of lignocellulose is the result of natural selection during the long - term evolution of plants.
Therefore, lignocellulosic biomass has a strong resistance to biological or abiotic erosion in the environment.
Cellulose is the main skeleton of biomass, accounting for about 30%-50% of the dry weight of plants. Cellulose is a polysaccharide structure composed of glucose linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and its molecular weight can range from 50,000 to 2.5 million. There are a large number of hydroxyl groups on the cellulose skeleton, which can form a rich hydrogen bond network. Most of the cellulose exists in a crystalline state, and its compact structure has strong resistance to chemical and biological hydrolysis.
Hemicellulose is a natural polymer formed by the polymerization of various pentoses and hexoses, accounting for about 25%-40% of the dry weight of plants. The most common monosaccharide in hemicellulose is xylose. In coniferous wood plants, the main monosaccharide forms in hemicellulose are galactose, mannose, arabinose, etc. The monosaccharides that make up hemicellulose are usually partially acetylated, and acetic acid will be released during the hydrolysis process.
Lignin is a three-dimensional network polymer randomly polymerized from three basic phenylpropane monomers. Compared with cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin has a lower oxygen content, a higher carbon-hydrogen ratio, and a high calorific value. It has great development prospects to convert lignin into high-quality fuel through catalysis.

Lignocellulose contains various structural units such as pentoses, hexoses, and aromatic compounds. The chemical diversity of this structural composition endows lignocellulose with the potential to produce different chemical products. To turn this potential into reality, it is first necessary to utilize effective pretreatment technologies to break the strong interactions among cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, achieving the hierarchical separation of the components of lignocellulose. Subsequently, targeted conversion and utilization can be carried out according to the physico - chemical properties of each component.
For many years, the separation and extraction of the three components of lignocellulose have been restricted by multiple factors such as cost and technology. Currently, methods at home and abroad include steam explosion, acid - base treatment, organic solvent treatment, supercritical extraction, etc. for separation. However, due to the complex structure of lignocellulose, it is extremely difficult to achieve highly efficient and clean separation of the three major components. During the extraction of one component, it is likely to cause damage and loss to other components. The obtained cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin have low purity, and the separation process is prone to causing environmental pollution.
Through independent research and development and technical cooperation, we have successfully achieved complete three - component separation. By using a composite organic solvent system and biomass organic component separation technology, we extract high - purity cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from lignocellulosic biomass respectively. Under the premise of reducing costs and pollution, this technology significantly improves the yield and purity of the three - component products obtained from separation and extraction, realizes the efficient separation of the three components, and can further process them into high - value - added products.
Based on the company's unique three - component separation process, numerous downstream bio - based chemical products can be developed. The cellulose part can be used to produce pulp, dissolving pulp, nanocellulose, fuel ethanol, etc. The hemicellulose can be used to produce both furfural and xylose and L - arabinose. The lignin part can be used to produce road asphalt emulsifiers, dye dispersants, carbon black granulating agents, bio - aviation kerosene, woody resin, etc. In addition, the bio - char obtained from this process has a high calorific value and low ash content. It can not only replace coal as a chemical raw material but also be used to produce battery anode materials. Biomass utilization can produce thousands of compounds, which are widely applied in many fields such as energy, chemicals, food, and polymer materials.

1.The influence of calcium and magnesium ions on carbon black is mainly reflected in its physical and chemical properties. Specifically, these ions can change the application effect of carbon black by acting on its surface characteristics and reactivity.
On Physical Properties of CB
• Surface Characteristics: Calcium and magnesium ions tend to be adsorbed on the surface of carbon black, thus changing its surface properties. For example, calcium and magnesium ions are very likely to react with the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of carbon black. This reaction promotes the formation of new compounds and eventually leads to changes in the surface chemistry of carbon black.
• Dispersibility: The presence of calcium and magnesium ions is likely to interfere with the dispersibility of carbon black. These ions will create obstacles in the process of carbon black dispersing in the medium. As a result, carbon black is difficult to disperse evenly in the medium, and in some cases, agglomeration phenomena may even occur.
On Chemical Properties of CB
• Reactivity: Calcium and magnesium ions can react with the active sites on the surface of carbon black, thus affecting the reactivity of carbon black. For example, in the production process of rubber products, calcium and magnesium ions will affect the vulcanization rate and the overall vulcanization effect of carbon black. This influence will eventually affect the final performance of rubber products.
• Stability: The presence of calcium and magnesium ions may also affect the chemical stability of carbon black. These ions can promote or inhibit the occurrence of certain chemical reactions. Therefore, under specific environmental conditions, calcium and magnesium ions largely determine the stability of carbon black.
Influence and Countermeasures in Practical Applications
• Rubber Products: In the field of rubber product production, the impurity content in carbon black has a crucial impact on product performance. Impurities such as calcium and magnesium ions will reduce the quality of carbon black and then affect the processing performance and service life of rubber products. Therefore, strictly controlling the impurity content in carbon black is the key to ensuring the quality of rubber products.
• Other Application Areas: In other application areas such as plastics and coatings, the presence of calcium and magnesium ions will also affect the performance of carbon black. For example, in plastic products, carbon black is often used as a UV stabilizer, and its particle size and surface chemical properties play a decisive role in the protection effect. The presence of calcium and magnesium ions will change these key properties and eventually affect the protection effect of carbon black in plastic products.
2. Specific Influence of Ash Content on the Properties of Carbon Black
On physical Properties
The ash content in carbon black mainly stems from inorganic impurities and dissolved inorganic salts in feedstock and auxiliary materials as well as process water. These inorganic components remain after high - temperature treatment, forming the ash. The presence of ash may affect the purity and color of carbon black. Since ash is inorganic in nature, it may alter the appearance and tactile feel of carbon black.
On chemical Properties
In addition, the ash content also has a certain impact on the chemical properties of carbon black. Although ash itself is inert, in some applications, its presence may influence the reactivity of carbon black. For example, in the rubber industry, an excessively high ash content in carbon black may affect the performance of rubber products, such as tensile strength, modulus, and tear resistance. Lignin is the most important auxiliary raw material in the carbon - black manufacturing process, and there are extremely strict standards and requirements for its ash content.
3. Influence of Sieve Residue on Carbon Black
The impact of sieve residue on carbon black is mainly manifested in particle - size distribution and specific surface area. Sieve residue refers to the part of carbon - black particles that remains on the sieve during the screening process.
The amount of sieve residue directly affects the particle - size distribution and specific surface area of carbon black. The more sieve residue there is, it indicates that the carbon - black particles are larger, the particle - size distribution is more uneven, and the specific surface area is smaller. Conversely, the less sieve residue there is, the carbon - black particles are smaller, the particle - size distribution is more uniform, and the specific surface area is larger.
4. The influence of chloride ions on carbon black is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Impact on the Purity and Quality of Carbon Black
Chloride - ion impurities can significantly affect the quality of carbon black. During the carbon - black production process, the presence of chloride ions leads to a decrease in the purity of carbon black, which in turn impacts its physical and chemical properties.
Impact on the Preparation Process of Carbon Black
During the preparation of carbon black, chloride - ion impurities generate sodium chloride that gets entrapped in the carbon black and is difficult to separate. This interferes with the carbonization reaction of carbon black, thereby affecting its preparation process and the quality of the final product.
Impact on the Performance and Application of Carbon Black
The presence of chloride ions may reduce certain properties of carbon black, such as electrical conductivity and thermal stability. These changes in properties will affect the application effects of carbon black in fields such as batteries, rubber, and plastics.
In addition, the main hazards of chloride ions to pipelines include promoting pipeline corrosion, cracking, and leakage, as well as damaging the anti - corrosion coating. Chloride ions accelerate the corrosion of metal materials inside the pipeline, causing the wall thickness of the pipeline to thin and eventually leading to leakage. Moreover, chloride ions can also damage the anti - corrosion coating of the pipeline, reducing its protective effect and accelerating the aging of the pipeline.
5. The influence of sulfur content on carbon black is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Impact on the Reaction Temperature during Carbon Black Generation During the high - temperature reaction process, raw material oils with a high sulfur content will form substances such as HS, CS₂, SO₂, and free sulfur. These substances lower the reaction temperature, thus affecting the generation process of carbon black.
Impact on the Quality and Performance of Carbon Black
Part of the sulfur remains in the carbon - black particles in the form of chemical combination with carbon black, forming hard carbon, which impacts the quality and performance of carbon black. In addition, some gaseous sulfides are discharged with the exhaust gas, generating sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid. This not only further reduces the quality of carbon black but may also damage equipment and pollute the atmosphere.
Impact on the Physical Properties of Carbon Black
The sulfur content also affects the physical properties of carbon black. For example, an excessive amount of free sulfur can cause early vulcanization of the rubber compound, reducing the usability of the rubber material.

Conventional tableware generally use a ratio of 70% - 90% sugarcane fiber and 10% - 30% bamboo pulp fiber. For different tableware, the fiber ratios will be adjusted according to the shape, angle, hardness, and stiffness of the product. Of course, plant fibers such as wheat straw, wheatgrass, and reeds may also be added as needed. These tableware are made entirely of plant fibers without adding chemical materials such as PP and PET.

Pulp - molded tableware are added with certain food - grade additives. Generally, the water - repellent is 1.0% - 2.5%, and the oil - repellent is 0.5% - 0.8% to achieve water and oil resistance. The general test is to use water at 100°C and oil at 120°C for 30 minutes. For special requirements, the oil temperature and test time can be extended.

Currently, the oil - repellents in plant - fiber tableware on the market contain fluorine, while tableware that is only water - resistant but not oil - resistant does not contain fluorine. If a disposable degradable tableware that is both water - and oil - resistant without fluorine is required, laminating is a relatively good alternative solution at present. PBAT is the most widely used composite material in pulp - based environmentally friendly tableware. The laminated product can better maintain heat, reducing heat dissipation through the pores of the molded product. At the same time, it can reduce the stickiness of foods such as rice and dumplings, and can greatly reduce the use of water - repellents and oil - repellents.

Without any industrial decomposer, pulp - molded environmentally friendly tableware takes about 45 - 90 days to completely decompose in a landfill under natural conditions. No harmful components are produced, and it will not cause harm to land organisms, marine corals, or marine life. After degradation, 82% of the components are organic matter, which can be used as fertilizer for land use, coming from nature and returning to nature.

Degradable pulp - molded tableware can be heated in a microwave oven and baked in an oven without producing harmful chemical substances. The maximum temperature can reach 220°C.
It can also be used for freezing and refrigeration in a refrigerator, with a freezing temperature of up to - 25°C.

Biodegradable fiber tableware comply with the national "Pulp - Molded Tableware" quality inspection standards, as well as international standard inspection standards such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the German New Food and Food Law (LFGB).

A logo can be printed on biodegradable tableware. The printed products are mostly on the perimeter, bottom, or top of the product. For products such as cups and bowls, the logo is mostly printed on the outside, and curved - surface printing is required. According to the printing equipment, there are screen printing, pad printing, and laser engraving. Printed products will increase the product cost accordingly.

Unbleached plant - fiber pulp is yellowish due to the presence of a small amount of lignin and colored impurities, and the fibers are relatively stiff. Semi - bleached pulp contains a large amount of pentosan and is light yellow in color, commonly known as the natural color. Bleached pulp has white fibers, is pure and soft in texture, but due to the bleaching treatment, the fiber strength is lower than that of unbleached pulp. Generally, hydrogen peroxide is used as the bleaching agent, and chlorine bleaching is not allowed.

Not necessarily. When purchasing tissue paper, more consideration should be given to aspects such as hygiene and safety, usage comfort, and economy. It's not the case that the higher the gram weight, the better the quality.

Because the pulp fibers contain lignin. After long - term exposure to light, lignin undergoes a reduction reaction, causing the paper to turn yellow. However, this does not affect the normal use of the paper.

Paper is made up of interwoven fibers. After absorbing moisture and being wiped, the bonds between the fibers are broken, forming small pieces of paper. High - quality paper towels have a certain wet tensile strength, and this embarrassing situation will not occur during normal use.

During the production of tissue paper, in order to make the paper softer, a certain amount of short plant fibers are added to the pulp. These short fibers are not very firmly combined with other long fibers, so a small amount of them will spill out during use. Generally, products produced under conditions of perfect papermaking processes, advanced equipment, and high - quality raw materials have less powder - shedding problems.

No. The normal color of paper towels should be ivory white or natural white. If the paper towel you buy is snow - white, it may be the result of excessive addition of fluorescent agents. Using unqualified paper towels may cause skin problems, from mild skin itching to serious skin diseases.

Toilet paper decomposes easily when it comes into contact with water and can be directly flushed down the toilet without clogging the toilet or septic tank. However, this very characteristic makes it fail to meet the usage standards of napkins.

The quality of tissue paper cannot be judged solely by its softness or hardness. Soft papers, such as facial tissues, have a smooth and soft surface, bringing a comfortable feeling to the skin. Hard papers, such as napkins, have good stiffness and are easy to fold, shape, and print. The choice should be based on the specific use.

The main raw materials are pulp made from plant - based fiber raw materials, including virgin wood pulp, virgin straw pulp (such as bamboo pulp, etc.), and recycled pulp. Recycled pulp is made by pulping and bleaching the cuttings from printing factories and recycled waste books and newspapers.

A small amount of chemical additives, such as starch, softeners, and wet - strength agents, will be added to improve the physical properties of the paper. These additives must pass hygiene inspections and should not contain harmful chemical components to the human body.

The embossing on the paper surface is mainly to improve the hand - feel and thickness of the whole paper, and to ensure that multiple - layer papers are not easy to separate during use. Manufacturers will choose whether to emboss according to the purpose of the paper.

If the printing of the patterns uses environmentally friendly water - based inks and the fragrances used are edible fragrances, they will not be harmful to the human body. Otherwise, there may be potential safety hazards.

Yes, the general shelf life is 2 - 3 years. Once the paper towel is opened, it is exposed to the air. To ensure safe use, the opened paper towel should be used up within 3 months. If there is any left, it can be used to wipe glass, furniture, etc.

Dioxins are "three causative" substances, namely carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic.They also have reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine toxicity, and genetic toxicity, directly endangering the health and life of future generations. The toxicity of dioxin is 900 times that of arsenic, and it is known as the "poison of the century". Dioxin, which is listed as a "human first level carcinogen", can cause serious harm to health at a concentration of one thousandth or even one billionth of a gram. Dioxin in the environment is difficult to naturally degrade and eliminate, so dioxin pollution is a major issue related to human survival

AOX is a type of chemical pollution source that should be taken seriously, which has carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and is a anthropogenic source of organic halides in water pollution. Bleaches, insecticides, dry cleaners, etc. are all organic halides that have potential and far-reaching hazards and impacts on human health and the living environment